The meaning of independence, or freedom, in the culture of the Luba, an African ethnic group in Zaire, is inextricably linked to fundamental rights, the development of personal qualities, and the choices that the individuals make. The rights of a Luba man are based on legitimate membership in his family, his lineage, and his chiefdom. A free man is a strong man, a hard worker, a provider, and a family builder. He is animated with the spirit of achievement and enjoys freedom of action in his undertakings. He is also a creator of wealth who enjoys its rewards. However, even though individuals have fundamental rights, their enjoyment of those rights in some instances may be either deferred or otherwise limited. Freedom is the ability to stand with others and, together, face hardship with courage; to be a contributor rather than a liability to society; and to pursue the common good. Because of this philosophy and its many manifestations in the lives of the Luba, independence and the spirit of community appear to be coterminus. A six-item list of references is included. (Author/FMW)