This paper begins by noting that recent efforts in the United States to reduce the incidence of alcohol-impaired driving have not been very effective and suggests that for efforts to be effective, they must raise the actual risk of punishment to a level that cannot be ignored by potential offenders. It then describes an effective system of controls on alcohol-impaired driving begun in Australia which includes extensive use of random breath testing for all drivers. Discussion is focused on efforts in three Australian states where 70% of the population resides. Approaches adopted by Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland are described and data on fatal road crashes in each state over the past 15 years are presented. It is noted that when the program was implemented in New South Wales in 1982, road crash fatalities dropped 20% and the rate has remained at this lower level for the past 5 years. An important factor in the success of the program is the perception of increased risk of arrest for alcohol-impaired driving. Public agreement with the policy of random breath testing is discussed and a rise in agreement from 70% of drivers in 1979 to the current level of about 95% agreement is described. Legal problems to initiating programs of random breath testing in the United States are considered and the Australian experience with random breath testing is presented a a potentially valuable source of guidance for American efforts to improve the credibility and effectiveness of laws dealing with alcohol-impaired driving. (NB)