Although schools cannot actively promote religiously-oriented activity, neither can they prohibit such activity. The 98th Congress passed the Equal Access Act in an attempt to ground students' rights to practice religion in the schools in well-established constitutional principles requiring equal treatment, protecting student-initiated meetings, and preserving local control of schools. This paper reviews a number of legal issues associated with implementation of the new law, drawing on federal court cases as examples of the problems faced and ways in which those problems may be resolved. Among these issues are the extent to which schools are justified in limiting student activities, and under what circumstances; the extent to which participation in such activities by staff members may be construed as state support or approval; the form to be taken by official responses to violations of the new law; and the ability of students to make mature decisions concerning participation in religiously related activities. (PGD)