A study examined the effects of visual-verbal redundancy and recaps on learning from television news. Two factors were used: redundancy between the visual and audio channels, and the presence or absence of a recap. Manipulation of these factors created four conditions: (1) redundant pictures and words plus recap, (2) redundant pictures and words with no recap, (3) nonredundant pictures and words plus recap, and (4) nonredundant pictures and words with no recap. Subjects, 80 undergraduate students, were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions. The five selected network news stories showed redundancy between the audio and visual channels. The introductions of the stories were transcribed and read by a news anchor for a local TV channel. To manipulate nonredundancy conditions, each story's camera shots were reedited within that story, disrupting the synchronization between pictures and words. To create the recap conditions, the anchorman summarized the main point of each story immediately afterward. Subjects were asked to show story understanding by stating the central point of each story and answering a multiple choice test. Analysis of the results showed the superiority of visual-verbal redundancy over recapping. (Author/DF)