This report compares Hispanic children with non-Hispanic white and black children in regard to income and several factors related to the poverty of children, including: education of parents; age of parents; family size; and hours of work. Based on Census Bureau data, the report consists of six chapters which present the following: (1) introduction; (2) a summary of findings; (3) a discussion of poverty among Hispanic children in 1983; (4) an examination of factors related to poverty among Hispanic children, 1975-83; (5) analysis of earnings of parents of Hispanic children; and (6) a discussion of government transfer payments to Hispanic children. In 1983, it is reported, a total of 2.16 million Hispanic children (38.2%) had money income below Census Bureau poverty thresholds. The 1983 poverty rate of Hispanic children was more than 2.5 times that of non-Hispanic white children, but about one-fifth below that of non-Hispanic black children. Analyses of poverty trends for 1975-1983 are said to reveal that the number of poor Hispanic children climbed by almost 53 percent, and the proportion of all poor children who were Hispanic rose from 13.5 to 16 percent. In 1983, the latter figure declined to 15.6 percent, but the poverty status of Hispanic children worsened again in 1984. Contributing to the high rates of poverty among Hispanic children are very low levels of high school completion by their parents, a relatively large number of children per family, an above-average share of children being raised by a single parent, usually their mother, and a relatively large proportion of children with young parents. Appendices provide a discussion of problems in defining ethnic origin, some additional data, and information about the revisions in 1983 Hispanic poverty data announced by the Census Bureau in August, 1985. Many statistical tables and charts are presented throughout the report. (KH)