The application of constitutional doctrines to controversies involving higher education institutions and legal theories emanating from the Supreme Court are discussed. The historical review covers academic freedom at colleges, or freedom from political interference of of outside intervention: freedom of speech or association in colleges and universities; the rights of students; the rights and interests of a private college; equal opportunity in the academy; and procedural rights for faculty and students. Constitutional decisions regarding academic freedom have struck down loyalty oaths for college staff, intrusive reporting requirements, and restrictions on political activity. The Supreme Court has protected the right of a student editor to publish controversial material. The controversies today concern the future of predominantly or historically black colleges, full integration of colleges that have been closed or hostile to minorities, and the question of whether sex discrimination in educational programs can be barred. Redefinitions of relationships in academia have resulted from Supreme Court decisions, including students' relationships with colleges and universities and the rights and responsibilities of faculty and staff. (SW)