Causal conjunctions that form a grammatical bridge between simple and complex sentences can be either plus or minus causal conjunctions. The category of plus causal conjunctions includes a "because" group (since, as, because of, owing to, due to, as a result of, as a consequence of) and a "so" group (therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result of that, because of that). The minus causal conjunctives include an "although" group (though, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, irrespective of, notwithstanding) and a "nevertheless" group (but, however, but all the same, in spite of that, despite that). Giving students of English as a second language a list of these words and phrases in categories assists them in reading texts more easily. However, the students also need to know that many of the conjunctions have different meanings even though they look similar. There is no need for the student of English to be able to use all of these conjunctions, even for systematic writing, but reading will be simplified greatly if the causal conjunctions can be analyzed systematically. (MSE)