Saudi Arabia has a modern nationwide school system that embraces institutions from kindergarten through the university level and encompasses special, adult, industrial, and commercial education. Education is not compulsory, and coeducation does not exist. Secondary vocational industrial schools have been established for young men who have completed ninth grade. First-year students at a vocational industrial school rotate through all programs; specialized study is then available in electricity, metals, and mechanics. Twelfth-grade students who then pass a standardized test are entitled to progress on to a postsecondary program at the Higher Technical Institute. Two and three year programs prepare students to become entrepreneurs and for jobs as technicians. Other vocational education institutions include secondary schools of commerce, higher institutes for finance and commerce, and a model agricultural institute. Prevocational training has been established for young male school leavers. Vocational training for males aged 18 to 30 provides additional skilled workers. Both day and night classes are conducted at vocational training centers. Mobile training units provide vocational training in remote areas. Occupational specialization programs are supported by different government agencies to prepare skilled personnel for the public sector. Companies have also established employee training facilities and in-plant programs. (YLB)