Driver licensing, the only state program with the opportunity for routine personal contact with every driver, has unmatched potential for both general and specific countermeasures to the problem of drunk driving. General countermeasures apply to large groups of drivers prior to the occurrence of any infraction. They may be considered basically preventive in nature and consistent with the view that drunk driving is a societal problem that should be dealt with at the societal level. License-related general countermeasures include minimum age requirements for driver licensure, special provisions for young drivers, drinking age laws, special reviews for driver licensing, alcohol education through license manuals and tests, per se laws, and implied consent laws. Special countermeasures apply to the offender and come into play after an infraction has occurred. They are more consistent with the view that drunk driving is a personal decision and that the offender should be punished and/or rehabilitated or re-educated. Specific countermeasures related to licensing include license revocation, limited driving privileges, medical review, and habitual offender statutes. Research opportunities exist in the areas of interaction among general countermeasures, licensing as a process of education, and the effectiveness of license revocation and limited driving privileges. (Author/YLB)