Questionnaires returned by 402 of a total of 672 teachers in one-teacher schools surveyed in spring 1984 provided data on these teachers and the students, schools, and communities they served. Findings indicated an estimated 800 one-teacher schools operating in 28 states, with the largest number 385, in Nebraska. Average enrollment was 11 elementary students. Most teachers were female (89%), having taught an average of 12 years, with 4.5 years at their present school. The majority either owned their own homes or rented; in addition, one in every four was provided teacherage by the school district. The typical teacher lived about 10 miles from school, 34 miles from a shopping area, and over 110 miles from the nearest college or university. Almost half of all teachers held bachelor's degrees; 30% were working toward master's degrees. The typical teacher spent almost 6 hours in class daily, with an additional 2 3/4 hours spent grading papers and supervising extra-curricular activities. While only 8.7% received compensation, 68% of teachers were responsible for school custodial work. According to teachers, over 34% of students were high achievers, 51% were average, and 15% were low achievers. Over 70% of school buildings were designed and built as one-teacher schools. Almost 50% of the schools were used by community groups for evening or weekend activities. (NEC)