The 21 summaries of research programs, funded by the United States Army Research Institute (ARI) for the Behavioral and Social Sciences which are presented are grouped in five broad topic areas: computer-based systems; information processing; learning, memory and transfer; human relations; and related issues and trends. Papers presented include: (1) "Research and Development on Training and Personnel in the Department of Defense," by Jesse Orlansky; (2) "Uses of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Developing and Maintaining Psychomotor Skills," by J. Berkhout; (3) "The Design of User-Computer Graphic Conversations," by J. Foley and V. Wallace; (4) "Computerized Adaptive Achievement and Ability Testing," by G. Kingsbury and D. Weiss; (5) "Human Information Processing of Real-World Scenes," by I. Biederman; (6) "Human Performance at Night and in Darkness," by E. Galanter; (7) "Memory Processes in the Recall and Use of Spatial Cartographic Information," by S. Kerst and J. Howard; (8) "Training Expert Decision Makers to Ignore Nondiagnostic Information," by J. Shanteau; (9) "Analysis of Reward Functions in Learning," by M. H. Marx; (10) "The Perceptual Organization of Behavior," by D. Newtson; (11) "Individual Differences in Visual-Motor Organization," by J. Notterman; (12) "Cognitive Learning Strategies and Study Skills to Improve Retention," by C. E. Weinstein; (13) "Investigations of Cognitive Control Processes in Conditioning," by D. D. Wickens; (14) "Organizational Structure and Leadership Factors as Determinants of Small Group Performance," by A. H. Harris; (15)"A Task-Based Framework for Understanding and Improving Group Performance," by D. M. Herold; (16) "A Study of Leader Behavior in the Effective Management of Organizational Crises," by T. W. Milburn; (17) "Decisions about Causes of Poor Performance," by T. R. Mitchell; (18) "Organizational Tolerance of Innovation: A Comparative Study of Military Organizations," by W. R. Adkins; (19) "Effective Use of Managerial Ability and Knowledge--Beyond Selection and Training," by F. E. Fiedler; (20) "Social and Psychological Variables in Organizational Innovation," by R. H. Davis; and (21) "Concepts and Methods in the Study of the All-Volunteer Army," by C. Moskos. Biographical information on the authors is also provided. (ESR)