These four Congressional hearings investigate the role of the federal government in assisting long-term, structurally unemployed workers and in encouraging private sector efforts to retrain Americans. Witnesses who present statements, prepared statements, and articles represent the Urban Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Forecasting International, Ltd., Arlington, Virginia; United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Secretary of Labor of the State of Delaware; Board of Technical and Comprehensive Education, State of South Carolina; Director, Employment Development for the State of California; Labor Relations Planning and Employment Office, Ford Motor Co.; Employment and Training Committee, Chamber of Commerce of the United States; Committee for Economic Development; the National Alliance of Business; TRW, Inc.; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; and the National Center for Research in Vocational Education. (YLB)