Educational research often defines educational goals narrowly by reading levels or Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores and equally narrowly correlates student success in these areas with the content of the curriculum or time spent in learning. According to Rutter et al., secondary schools with a good ethos create students who perform well according to cognitive, affective and behavioral measures, while schools with a poor ethos create the reverse. In their study of secondary schooling, "Fifteen Thousand Hours," Rutter and his associates found a cluster of factors that promote a good secondary school ethos: (1) student-student and student-teacher cohesion; (2) a strong academic emphasis; (3) high teacher expectations; (4) positive attitudes toward students; (5) stress on positive rewards; and (6) consistent and shared values and standards. Points from several studies are referred to, and references are provided in this two-page research summary. (JW)