A 13-day workshop was conducted in Nigeria to train 60 community development workers in the educational use of popular theater for community-based adult education. Key goals were conscientization (a gradual learning process in which people look critically at their social situation to gain deeper understanding of the root causes of their problems) and participation (learners shaping and controlling the learning situation as a first step toward controlling their lives). The workshop used the Kwagh-hir, part of the Tiv peoples' tradition of public theatrical performance, combining traditional ritual and modern theater, and using a narrator, musicians, acrobats, dancers, and a puppet show in a performance on an open space in the village. After 3 days of training in crucial African theater elements (dance, music, singing, and drums), workshop participants applied their training in three Tiv villages. An inventory of village problems was made, anecdotes acted out and edited, public rehearsals held (with much input from villagers), local musicians involved, and finally performances held, then evaluated. The dual goal of the workshop was conscientization of Tiv villagers and of workshop trainees, to respect the villagers, listen to them, learn about their problems, and incorporate these problems in creative dramatizations to involve the Tiv in community introspection and analysis. (MH)