This 1980-81 survey, which follows up a similar 1979-80 study, explores parents' reasons for transferring their children into or out of Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) in Rockville, Maryland. A total of 277 parents of students leaving MCPS for private schools in Maryland and 281 parents of students entering from private schools in Maryland were interviewed. The sample's subdivisions are students transferring to or from nonchurch schools and students transferring to or from church-related schools in grade 1 and grades 2 through 12. Study limitations arise from exclusion both of parents who transferred children into or out of private schools in Washington, D.C., or Virginia, and of parents whose children have always attended private schools. The study recommends that public school educators learn from private school practice. Three exhibits examine eight general categories of reasons (including religion, parental values, discipline, and costs) for initial enrollment in public or private schools and for private school withdrawal. Fourteen tables examine characteristics of students and parents involved in public or private school enrollment or withdrawal, reasons for such actions, and parent attitudes. Nineteen appendixes include survey instruments, correlations between percentages of minority students and transferring white students, and parent attitude statistics. (PB)