Detailed findings are presented from the National Science Foundation's 1981 Survey of Scientific and Engineering Personnel Employed at Universities and Colleges. Information on characteristics of scientists and engineers employed by approximately 2,200 higher education institutions and data from 19 university-administered federally-funded research and development centers are presented. This year's tables include 2-year trend tables (1980 and 1981) showing the number of women and men employed part time as scientists and engineers in higher education institutions. These data are displayed by science and/or engineering (S/E) field. The national total of 333,000 scientists and engineers employed by academic institutions includes an estimate amounting to 19 percent of the total to account for nonresponding institutions. These data calculated by estimation are identified accordingly. Information is provided on trends in employment of scientists and engineers in higher education institutions; faculty by field, employment status, institutional control, educational attainment, type of institution, and sex; institutional rankings by status and full-time equivalents; the top 100 doctorate-granting institutions, January 1980 and January 1981; geographic data; full-time equivalents (1980 and 1981); male and female faculty by part-time and full-time status, field of study, type of institution, and institutional ranking. Summaries are presented by type of institutions (degrees offered, public/private) for the specific kinds of engineers and scientists (physical, environmental, mathematical, life scientists, social scientists, and psychologists). A sample questionnaire and instructions are appended. (SW)