Elaboration theory is a prescriptive model of instruction which focuses on how to structure and organize subject matter while attempting to be consistent with cognitive theories of human learning. In this system, instruction in the subject matter should proceed sequentially, from the general to the specific, with each part explained and related to the general context. Although current writings on elaboration theory agree with the research on cognition, some criticisms can be made: (1) The writings often lack clarity and specificity; (2) Empirical support is needed, especially in the area of elaboration techniques; and (3) Elaborationists should focus on the learner rather than on the learning stimulus. Elaboration theorists can use relevant elements of assimilation theory as guidelines for developing their general learning theory, particularly in describing the effects of elaboration techniques and the roles of epitomes and advance organizers. (FG)