The extent to which sex differences on a mental rotation test were related to ocular dominance, handedness, and familial handedness was explored. The Vandenberg revision of the Shepard-Metzlar mental rotation test was administered to 206 college students. The test consisted of 20 criterion figures, each followed by two correct and two incorrect alternative figures. The correct alternatives were identical to the criterion sample but were presented in a rotated position. Immediately after finishing the rotation test, subjects answered a questionnaire designed to assess their perceived cognitive strategy used in solving the spatial task. Ocular dominance, handedness, and familial handedness were also assessed by questionnaire. The superior performance of males on the mental rotation test was highly significant (p=.0001). The most common strategy employed by both sexes in solving the spatial task was mental picturing; however, females used significantly more verbal strategies than males. Handedness, per se, was unrelated to spatial performance, but right handed females with familial sinistrality had lower spatial scores than those with no familial sinistrality. More females than males were found to be left eye dominant; left eye dominance in females, but not in males, was associated with lower spatial scores. (Author/RL)