This book is a collection of papers generated by a 1979 conference sponsored by the Rockefeller Archive Center on subjects germane to its holdings. One purpose of the conference and of the papers that were prepared for presentation to the participants was to devote some attention to the history of philanthropic activities in education. Another purpose was to encourage an exchange of views on current and future trends among a group of foundation executives, scholars, educators, and officials at every level of government, who are committed to the improvement of public elementary and secondary education in the United States. Some of the topics discussed include the goals of foundation activity, case studies of individual philanthropies, equity issues, and educational finance reform. (Author/LD)