A model for the measurement of reading skills was used as the basis for the development of the Decoding Skills Test. The model emphasizes that decoding skills are based on one of two processes: word recognition through phonic/linguistic decoding or through basal word recognition. Word lists appropriate for the elementary grades were used to construct the Basal Word Recognition subtest. The Phonic Decoding subtest was based on Venezky's common spelling patterns, and the concepts associated with syllables and meaning. The Oral Reading subtest presented words in context which had already been seen (out of context) on the previous two subtests. The test was administered to approximately 600 elementary school students; other standardized reading achievement tests were administered to select ten good and ten poor readers from each grade level. Test validity, discriminating ability, and interrater and internal consistency reliability were examined. (Findings are discussed, and several test items are appended). (GDC)