The inception and development of the public library in Wisconsin as a tax-supported popular library governed by an autonomous appointed board is discussed in detail. Topics covered include the evolution of legislation for public libraries for Wisconsin and other states; the history of library associations, or social libraries, transplanted from New England, with a discussion of their activities; the transition from library associations to public libraries, viewed as an effort to reach individuals in a more educational manner; and the development and political issues of the public library movement. A 9-page selected bibliography and appendices containing historical materials on the library associations, public library legislation, and gifts to public libraries in Wisconsin are attached. (SW)