This volume reports on the results of a survey conducted to determine the language attitudes of South Africans. Speakers of Afrikaans as a first language (Afrikaners) appear more willing than native speakers of English (ESSAs) to use a second language (L2), but only outside the family circle. The ESSA feels comfortable using the L2 with the family. An Afrikaner is willing to employ the L2 in all role relations, except with a servant; and ESSA is likely to speak the L2 to a social inferior for functional rather than prestige reasons. Three types of motivation for observed patterns of L2 usage are discussed: (1) functional motivation, (2) reference group attraction (integrative motive), and (3) reference language status. The need to use English and the prestige of English are important motivations for Afrikaners, whereas the ESSA finds Afrikaans of little practical use. However, the Afrikaner has a strong positive or negative reaction to being taken for an English speaker, while the ESSA is little concerned about this factor. Thus L2 behavior patterns reflect an interaction of various motivations. Data are presented in tabular form, and a bibliography is appended. (Author/JB)