The paper deals with the theoretical and historical aspects of special education and bilingual education which have contributed to the appearance of Chapters 766 and 71A of the General Laws of the state of Massachusetts. It is explained that Chapter 766 mandates the provision of an educational program tailored to each child's special needs and that Chapter 71A recognizes the need to maintain, rather than destroy, linguistic and cultural diversity. Some of the commonalities between special and bilingual education are established, and the most important aspect in which they differ, mainstreaming, is pointed out. (SBH)