This monograph is a review and analysis of over fifty research and development projects sponsored by the Office of Research and Development which have dealt with welfare recipients and the low-wage employed. The author examines the process by which welfare recipients move into the employed ranks and the extent to which this is accomplished through participation in employment and training programs. It is pointed out by the author that women receiving Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) fall into three groups: about 10% who are on welfare most of their working years, about 40% who fluctuate between low-income employment and welfare, and about 50% temporarily on welfare because of circumstances. A significant reported finding is that AFDC mothers with the highest education and recent work experience leave welfare more readily than other mothers. In addition, about half of the children of welfare households move out of poverty. According to the author, people move off welfare when they find jobs to enable them to achieve a higher living standard than welfare provides. Studies reviewed by the author demonstrate that 47% of the low-income people employed may remain poor, 25% may be out of poverty most of the time, and 28% may be out of poverty about half of the time. (CSS)