This handbook, intended for language teachers at all levels, is an introduction to foreign language testing. It is a revision and expansion of the edition that appeared ten years ago. This edition reflects contemporary concerns in measurement and evaluation and contemporary changes in teaching aims, particularly toward communicative competence. The book is divided into three parts: (1) Principles and Procedures of Testing, (2) Methods of Evaluation and (3) Current Developments. The first section deals with the general area of modern language testing, preparing and giving the classroom test and evaluating test results. The second section describes tests in six areas of language instruction: listening, speaking, reading, writing, culture and literature. The third section discusses new directions in modern language testing and in bilingual and ESL programs. There are also an appendix, containing descriptions of commercial language tests, and a selected bibliography. (AMH)