The thirteen papers included here were presented at a conference on the importance of systematic research in evaluating the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system and administrative functions. The first paper spells out the roles and responsibilities EMS administrators incur when they make a commitment to participate in a research project. An additional paper attempts to explain the role that research data can play in the resolution of operational problems in service agencies. Another paper describes the types and levels of evaluation research being done. Papers are also presented on experimental design, attitude measurement, the development of indicators of program effectiveness, measuring the monetary value of lifesaving programs, randomized field tests, and putting together evaluation research staff. Finally, several papers which deal with research conducted in a police setting are included to offer an instructive analogy to the conflicting yet mutually dependent roles of administrator and evaluator which are also present in EMS services. (BB)