This policy statement focuses on ways of overcoming unemployment and underemployment for groups (young, old, disadvantaged) that typically experience high or prolonged joblessness, and on increasing incentives for productive work. Recommendations resulting from the CED study focus on these areas: new and expanded use on a nationwide basis of private-sector programs that already work effectively and creation of a clearinghouse for disseminating information about successful and innovative programs; stronger organizational mechanisms to mobilize private sector involvement; increased incentives and reduced disincentives for private employment of the hard-to-employ; improved approaches to the problems of particular groups among the hard-to-employ; greater business use of alternatives to outright layoffs in recessions; and improved management and closer integration of government programs that facilitate the employment of the hard-to-employ, particularly the U.S. Employment Service and the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). These recommendations are more fully discussed in chapters dealing with the following: dimensions and costs of unemployment, an integrated employment strategy, enlarging the private sector's role, expanding training and job opportunities for the hardest-to-employ, and more effective management of federally assisted employment and training programs. The appendix contains tables of labor force statistics. (TA)