This second volume of the summative evaluation of "Man: A Course of Study" (MACOS) presents results of quantitative analyses of what MACOS students seemed to learn, what they retained one year later, and how what they learned was different from what students in other social studies courses learned. The first part of the document compares MACOS and non-MACOS classes with regard to characteristics of students and teachers, and climate and processes in the classroom. Characteristics computed for classes included ability grouping; average age of students; and percentage of students who were white, female, and male. Characteristics computed for teachers included educational background, social studies objectives, and preferred teaching methods. No significant differences were found between the two groups of classes with regard to pretests of achievement, attitude, demographic characteristics, or class composition. The typical class in both groups was predominantly white, urban, and non-low income. The second part of the document presents pre- and posttest findings, and follow-up information. All classes were given attitude and achievement tests. Pretest instruments were also administered to teachers. Findings indicated that MACOS students scored significantly higher than non-MACOS students on the MACOS-specific posttest; scored similarly on more generalized tests of social studies skills; learned more about facts and terms than abstract concepts; and tended to like social studies more than non-MACOS students. (Author/DB)