The most litigated issues involving teachers are the control of conduct of teachers and other employees. The disciplinary measures available are typically expressed or implied in state statutes. These normally include suspension, transfer, nonrenewal of contract, and discharge. The superintendent or board may be empowered to recommend the revocation of the teaching certificate by the state board of education or other agency. The statutes of most states list grounds for discharge and certificate revocation. These listings typically include such grounds as incompetency, inefficiency, insubordination, neglect of duty, and immorality. Conduct that involves the exercise of a constitutional right such as free speech invokes procedural requirements that may extend beyond those specified by statute. Cases are cited under the broad headings of insubordination, neglect of duty, and immorality and crimes involving moral turpitude. (Author/MLF)