Robert L. Thorndike was awarded the Educational Testing Service (ETS) Measurement Award at the 1972 ETS Invitational Conference. In "Heredity, Environment, and Class or Ethnic Differences," J. McV. Hunt addressed several fundamental questions pertaining to the hereditary and environmental influences of the observed social class and ethnic differences on intelligence and scholastic achievement tests. Eleanor E. Maccoby and Carol Nagy Jacklin, in "Sex Differences in Intellectual Functioning," summarized the current state of knowledge regarding sex differneces in verbal, mathematical, and spatial abilities. In his paper on "Implications of Group Differences for Test Interpretation," Lloyd G. Humphreys examined the concept of test fairness. Charles V. Willie discussed the previous papers in "A Theoretical Approach to Cultural and Biological Differences." In "Recycling the Problems in Testing," Henry S. Dyer observed that much of the misuse of tests arises from the diverse perceptions held by makers, givers, takers, and users of tests. The afternoon session focused on educational implementation: Irving E. Sigel spoke on "Where is Preschool Education Going: Or Are We En Route Without a Road Map?," and Benjamin F. Payton discussed "Black Colleges and Black Studies." (BW)