The aim of the research review reported here was to draw together empirical findings that illuminate the factors affecting Work Incentive Program (WIN) results and contribute to discussion of future welfare, work-training, and employment policies. (WIN, authorized in 1967, has sought to put people on Aid to Dependent Children (AFDC) to work through a variety of educational and training services.) Three chapters deal with research on the characteristics of welfare recipients, e.g., research on whether they share a strong work ethic and on what other factors affect their trainability and work effort. Subsequent chapters deal with what is known about the results of offering jobs to welfare recipients, the importance of family structure and personal motivation in welfare dependence, and the policy significance of the research findings when viewed in historical perspective of federal efforts to deal with welfare and unemployment. An introductory chapter briefly summarizes the whole review. It is concluded that WIN training helps certain welfare recipients improve their earnings and length of time in jobs, and that whatever policy choices are made, they should be made with awareness that the current inability to turn welfare into workfare resides primarily in limitations of the job market system and only secondarily in the characteristics of welfare recipients. (JT)