To determine how well rural youths were adjusting to modern society, a study on educational and occupational aspirations of male high school seniors from two counties in Southwest Arkansas was begun in 1965 and completed in 1972. A major finding in the first stage was that 70% of the 165 seniors (121 Whites, 44 Blacks) overaspired for their capability levels. In the follow-up in 1971, in which 126 responded (102 Whites, 24 Blacks), data revealed poor correspondence between occupational aspirations and actual achievement. Occupational attainment proved primarily to be a function of three variables: high school grade point average, residence outside Arkansas, and White racial identity. The study at both stages showed noticeable discrepancies between respondents' occupation plans and labor distribution for Arkansas and the nation. Differences between 1965 plans and 1971 outcomes were mainly functions of self-perceived job ability, residence, and perceived opportunity for job advancement. The mismatch between aspirations and attainment showed the need for high schools, as important agents in rural development, to provide more effective occupational counseling so students could realistically evaluate potential jobs. High schools should also better educate students for employment needs. (RS)