Constitutional issues of two kinds dominated school finance litigation during 1976. First, the extent to which public funds may be spent for private school students without violating the First Amendment or similar state constitutional provisions remained a difficult problem. In Wolman v. Essex, a federal district court found no violation of the First Amendment in any portion of an Ohio statute authorizing local school districts to dispense numerous forms of aid to private school students or their parents. In South Dakota, however, a statute that required school districts to provide free textbooks to private schools was held to violate the antiestablishment clauses of the state constitution. Second, the question of what degree of equality is required in educational opportunities, last addressed by the United States Supreme Court in Rodriguez, continued to arise in a variety of contexts and to receive a variety of decisions in state courts. In addition, courts adjudicated numerous matters concerning school taxes. (Author/IRT)