Twenty papers review past activities and future prospects for philanthropic activity in specific social areas. The report is part of a five volume series examining the relationship between nonprofit institutions and their donors. The purpose of the series is to provide impetus for ongoing research and to focus public attention on the significance of the voluntary sector. Volume II, Part I explores privately-financed activities in areas of elementary, secondary, and higher education; the sciences, health; social welfare and social policy; the arts; environment; and public and international affairs. In general the papers examine the changing roles of philanthropy and government in each area and the prospects for the future. Philanthropic profiles of five U.S. cities are included also. These discuss survey methodology, donor allocation findings, and issues such as: Are local foundations meeting their responsibilities to the community? and What would be the impact of changes in federal tax laws affecting the deductibility of charitable donations? (Author/AV)