A total of 150 undergraduate students randomly assigned to five experimental groups studied ten paragraphs with questions interspersed at different locations in the text. Performance on incidental items was significantly lower (p < .05) in the question before (QB) than in the question after (QA), question before and after (QBA), and the no-question (NoQ) groups. Performance on intentional items by the QB subjects was significantly lower (p < .05) than the QA and QBA subjects. The results also suggest that (a) the QB and QA effects of questions combine additively to produce the performance of the QBA subjects, and (b) the attention operation is equivalent across conditions for intentional items, but differs in retention operation. This may mean that depth-of-processing is the relevant operation to focus upon. (Author)