The five technical working papers that comprise the two volumes of this document are related to the problem of creating a valid process model of human communication in dialogue. In Volume 1 both papers consider reference as a phenomenon in text. The first surveys reference identification and resolution methods in various existing natural language processors. The second paper explores the broader problem of reference, focusing on text reference and propositional reference. It develops problems and proposals for defining these categories of reference phenomena, and for detecting their presence. (Author/WBC)