This research paper investigates endeavors in India over the last two decades to implement cultural integration and national unity through education. A major objective is to assess the relationship between the multicultural aspects of Indian civilization and the goal of a national consciousness. A description of the social, linguistic, and religious make-up of India is provided in an attempt to indicate something of the complexity of modern Indian society. A chronological discussion of important educational events since India's independence in 1947 is presented. Work of the various committees appointed by the government of India to examine the educational situation and make recommendations is reviewed. The report of the Committee on Emotional Integration is analyzed in detail because it is considered by the author to be a storehouse of ideas on emotional and national integration, and it was responsible for the National Policy on Education Bill of 1968. The findings of this study are that, while education has succeeded to a large extent in breaking down the caste and creed barriers in sizeable sections of the population of India, it has not been very successful in tackling the problems of regionalism, provincialism, and linguistics. (Author/DB)