In the first section of this chapter the meanings of the terms "test,""measurement,""evaluation," and "standardization" are discussed. Because the purpose of this chapter is to relate published tests, particularly those that are norm-referenced, to their use in evaluation, the nature of norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests are examined in detail in the second section. Also, five inadequacies of standardized tests found in the literature are presented and discussed. In the third and final section of the chapter, the different purposes of standardized testing are explored. Topics covered include the use of standardized tests in the selection of students by schools, placement of students, diagnosis and remediation, program or curriculum evaluation, and feedback. Also included are criteria for developing a school or district standardized testing program. (RC)