The purpose of this report is to: (1) summarize the attempts that have been made to define and investigate test wiseness, particularly those efforts made at teaching test wiseness; (2) identify gaps and deficiencies in the existing body of research; (3) make recommendations as to the direction that future research in this area should take; and (4) report the results of two experimental efforts to teach test wiseness. As part of this project, two studies were conducted to determine the effects of a course in test taking skills on the reading achievement scores of two classes of fifth grade inner-city students. The students were divided, based on their reading test scores, into two groups: low achievers and high achievers. These groups were then divided into experimental and control groups. The students were introduced to the program unit which was designed to keep them motivated as well as develop skills in test taking. At the end of the course, the students were administered the Stanford Achievement Test-Reading and the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills, Level II. The results of the study showed that although students who received instruction in test taking skills average higher scores, their gains were not statistically significant. (Author/DEP)