This book describes a study (conducted in Finland) which examined antecedent conditions for the development of creativity in children and evaluated a kindergarten activity program designed to increase children's creativity. Subjects were 168 kindergarten children (86 girls and 82 boys). Extensive information about each child's family was gathered, including data on social background and environmental stimuli in the home. Experimental groups were given 6 weeks of structured art education and creativity enrichment activities. Before the training children were evaluated on tests of play ability, intelligence, vocabulary and creativity; after training they were given tests of intelligence, school readiness, and creativity. Results indicated that social background variables were not strongly related to creativity before or after training; however, the more creative activities and art interests the parents had, the more creative their children were both before and after the training. The training program appeared to increase children's creativity more than traditional kindergarten classes. The program increased both boys' and girls' creativity, with girls becoming more fluent, flexible and original, and boys becoming better at drawing. Recommendations for early education programs and for further research concerning creativity training programs for young children are provided. (BRT)