The authors define action or "on the job" research as a type of applied research undertaken by practitioners in order to solve practical problems and improve operations in the educational or institutional setting. Advantages and disadvantages of using action research are presented and procedures for conducting it outlined. Two tables list differences in purpose, structure, and reporting methods between action and traditional research. A method for viewing the roles of research team members, the "Jo-Mary Window", is adapted from Joseph Luft's research in group dynamics. Principles for setting up a research project and evaluating its data are included, along with a general list of sources in action research for adult education. Action research methodology emphasizes basic principles in writing, distributing, and evaluating questionnaires. Three appendixes give examples of good and bad questionnaires and examples of action research reports. (SD)