The text describes the American Indian and Eskimo of the United States as a people that are no longer prepared to accept an inferior position in their homeland. History shows that the majority of Indian peoples wanted to share not only in the material advances made by modern society but also in the basic European scientific outlook--an outlook couched in a rationalism which seemed to undercut traditional ways of life and thought. Today, education is eagerly sought by the Indian people. Through mismanaged application under Federal control, however, this desire has been perverted into training and indoctrination. Contents include (1) historical policy, (2) spirituality, (4) language, (5) economics, and (6) pluralism. (FF)