During 1970-71, the Select Subcommittee on Education of the House Committee on Education and Labor held 8 days of hearings on the establishment of a National Institute of Education. This document is the second of three appendixes on the hearings and contains essays by scholars who have studied the aims of education, the issues of educational research, and ways of improving methods of teaching. Subjects covered include the philosophy of American education; aims, forms, and techniques of education; educational reform; nonverbal communication; early childhood intervention; home visiting programs for parents; competence motivation; accountability; home background and school performance; innovative planning; and the aims and methods of the School Council in England. (Refer to James Report SP 005 637 for additional information on School Council.) A list of contributing authors is included. (Related documents SP 005 695 and SP 005 697 contain appendixes 1 and 3.) (MJM)