This document reports on the role of the Federal Government in rendering financial aid to non-public schools. This report includes facts and attitudes. A two-fold approach toward gaining attitudinal data was undertaken. A critical review of existing attitudinal data was commissioned and an analysis of the attitudinal data gathered as part of another study was funded. A listing of non-public schools in the United States was compiled based on Office of Education records with additions from other sources. The final list include elementary and secondary schools which offer either a general or college preparatory academic program. From this list, a representative sample was selected. A sample of 750 schools was chosen to receive two questionnaires. A subsample of 250 schools was selected for an in-depth study; these schools received an additional four questionnaires: (1) the faculty questionnaire, (2) the student questionnaire, (3) the parent questionnaire, and (4) the governing board questionnaire. Like the school head questionnaire, these questionnaires sought data on the individual's background, his attitudes and opinions. The analysis considered elementary and secondary data separately. It is divided into 10 or major sections: (1) background correlates of non-public schools, (2) perceived quality of non-public schools, (3) affective atomsphere of the schools, (4) goals of parents and students, and six others. (For related document, see ED 058 473.) (Author/CK)