This brief report summarizes progress to date in a continuing study, now in its sixth year, of Montessori education in Cincinnati. Follow-up tests of Montessori children are focusing on the relation of early performance to grade school achivement four years later. This study represents the first systematic attempt to compare long term effects of Montessori with other educational approaches. The Cincinnati Autonomy Test Battery (CATB) was developed to measure educational methods (like Montessori) that stress spontaneous activity, self-direction, and a prepared didactic environment. Published summaries of projects that are part of the Montessori Research Project are mentioned. Future plans stress increased communication among researchers, teachers, parents and children. (NH)