This book examines the part played both by tradition and by the Cultural Revolution in the educational system of Communist China. The author discusses Mao's thoughts on the nature of man, society and knowledge, his relation to European Marxism and his ideas on education. These are then seen in the context of traditional history, philosophy, and religion. Recent educational aims and policies are discussed, showing how factors such as language, geography, economics and the social structure provide obstacles to reform. All aspects of full and part time education are included in the discussion and there is an evaluation of "moral-political educators" such as the Communist Party, the Red Guard, newspapers and radio. (Author)