Both papers are concerned with locus of control (of reinforcement) expectancies among young children, especially preschoolers. The first reviews a number of studies which examined the relationship between locus of control, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. The results indicate that (1) economic status is consistently related to locus of control, at least within ethnic groups; (2) lower class black and Appalachian white children show the most extreme External Control expectancies -- notably moreso than Indian children; and (3) girls have higher Internal Control expectancies than boys in the Anglo- and Afro-American cultures, but this reverses in the Indian and Chicano populations studied. The second paper discusses the theory underlying, and the development of, a measurement instrument for assessing whether young children expect that reinforcement is contingent on their behavior or not. Both papers emphasize as crucial the development of school programs, parent education programs, and clinical procedures for the optimal development of internal control expectancies among young children. (TL)