The Early Childhood Inventories Project (ECIP) was initiated to originate aptitude/achievement type inventories which could assess very specific behaviors of young children, particularly disadvantaged children. In practice these inventories are "non-specific" type criterion-referenced measures. This first aspect of the project involved the comparison of three educational programs, the IDS "enrichment" program, a Head Start program, and regular New York City Board of Education programs. Sample populations were randomly drawn from preschool, kindergarten, and first grade classes. Six instruments developed for this purpose by the ECIP staff were employed in the gathering of data. Preliminary analysis of the pretest data appeared to indicate that such enrichment programs produce significant positive effects in the educational development of young inner-city, low socio-economic status Negro children from New York City. The data showed a general trend for children in the IDS enrichment program to obtain higher scores on these measures than the Head Start group who in turn, obtained higher scores than children in the regular New York City Board of Education program. Appendices include: A list of thirteen sub-tests and the possible range of scores; score sheet; tables of means, standard deviations, and standard errors of the means squared; and a summary table of critical ratio levels of significance for group differences. (PR)