This annual report examines the accomplishments during 1970 of three programs. The first program was to improve the organizational and administrative environment for teaching. Its subsidiary projects were 1) the organizational context of teaching; 2) professional socialization of the teacher; 3) attitudes of teachers toward their occupation; 4) case studies of the teacher's role in traditional and innovative elementary schools; 5) organizational change; 6) the teacher in the authority structure; 7) the social context of teacher-student relations; and 8) characteristics of effective teachers and the distribution of teacher services. The second program's objective was to improve the effectiveness of teachers in motivating, engaging, and fostering the achievement of students from low income areas. The projects were 1) educational community organization; 2) teacher training--standard English as a second dialect; 3) developing problem-solving skills through students teaching students; 4) teacher training programs for disadvantaged schools; and 5) the impact of educational technology. The objective of the third program was to define, analyze, and develop means for promoting heuristic teaching and learning. Its projects were 1) training studies; 2) microteaching and intern data bank; 3) uncertainty studies; 4) personal competencies; and 5) reinforcement or achievement behaviors in disadvantaged children. (MBM)