Designed as a complement to Volume 1 on the normal infant (available as EC 003 414), the text examines the following areas: neurological examination of the newborn, neurobehavioral organization of the newborn, neuropsychology examinations in young children, learning of motor skills on the basis of self-induced movements, factors in vulnerability from infancy to later age levels, smiling and stranger reaction in blind infants, and the Maternal Personality Inventory. Topics are presented on prenatal and perinatal factors which influence learning, individual differences in the measurement of early cognitive growth, the genesis and pathogenesis of speech and language, the auditory environment in relation to language, a theoretical and research base for a program of early stimulation care and training of premature infants, and changes over time in the incidence and prevalence of mental retardation. Behavior disorders and psychopathology are explored through studies on minor physical anomalies and hyperactivity, brain pathology and antisocial disorders, a comparison of infant-mother interaction in infants with typical and atypical behavior, influence of perinatal drugs on neonate behvaior, maternal perceptions of the first born, environmental factors, theories of schizophrenia, and abnormal social behavior in young monkeys. (RD)